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Winter 2002
This information effective for Winter 2002.
Check with instructor the first day of class for any changes.
Winter 2002
Instructor: D. C. Potts
TTH 2:00–3:45 p.m.
Earth and Marine B210
SYLLABUS and READINGS (Example from Spring 2001)
[As taught in Spring 2001—There will be numerous changes in Winter 2002]
27 March 2001: Characterization of reefs, seagrasses, and mangroves; dominant organisms; physical influences/structure
29 March 2001: Biogeography; geological history; present distributions
3 April 2001: Symbioses; zooxanthella-coral symbiosis; diversity of symbioses
5 April 2001: Carbonate chemistry; coral calcification; calcareous algae
10 April 2001: Physical processes in seagrasses; sedimentary setting; physical oceanography
12 April 2001: Seagrass biology; angiosperm adaptations to marine system;
diversity
17 April 2001: Physical processes in mangroves; sedimentary setting;
physical oceanography
19 April 2001: Mangrove biology; angiosperm adaptations to marine system;
zonation
24 April 2001: Physical processes in coral reefs; bioerosion; endolithic
upwelling
26 April 2001: Seagrass and mangrove nutrient dynamics
26 April—3 May 2001: MIDTERM—take home, open book
Return during lecture—Thursday, 3 May 2001
1 May 2001: Threats; coral bleaching; adaptive bleaching hypothesis
3 May 2001: Global climate change
8 May 2001: Pathogens; marine diseases; seagrass die-off event
10 May 2001: Coastal development; remote sensing
15 May 2001: Fish nurseries and shrimp aquaculture
17 May 2001: Genetics; evolution
22 May 2001: Social implications
24 May 2001: Herbivory: eating down the food chain (dugong/sea turtles/manatee)
29 May 2001: Restoration
31 May 2001: Integration
5 June 2001: FINAL EXAMINATION—4:00–7:00 p.m.
READING LIST
All Readings Mentioned During Course (in Alphabetical Order)
[ Example from Spring 2001 to illustrate the scope of the course ]
A. First Half of Course
Bjork, M., Mohammed, S.M., Bjorklund, M. and Semesi, A. (1995). Coralline algae,
important coral-reef builders threatened by pollution. Ambio 24:7–8,
502–505.
Borowitzka, M.A. (1983). Calcium carbonate deposition by reef algae: morphological
and physiological aspects. In: Perspectives on coral reefs. Barnes, D.J.
(Ed.). Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. pp. 16–28.
Briggs, J.C. (1999). Coincident biogeographic patterns: Indo-West Pacific Ocean.
Evolution 53:2, 326–335.
Burrell, D.C. and Schubel, J.R. (1977). Seagrass ecosystem oceanography. In:
Seagrass ecosystems: a scientific perspective. McRoy, C.P. and Helfferich, C.
(Eds.). Marcel Dekker, New York NY. pp. 196–206.
Chen, R. and Twilley, R.R. (1999). Patterns of mangrove forest structure and
soil nutrient dynamics along Shark River Estuary, Florida. Estuaries
22:4, 955–970.
Dawes, C.J. (1981). Chp 17: Seagrass communities. In: Marine Botany.
Wiley-Interscience, New York NY. pp. 468–493.
Dawes, C.J. (1981). Chap 19: Mangrove communities. In: Marine Botany.
Wiley-Interscience, New York NY pp. 516–538.
Doering, P.H. and Chamberlain, R.H. (2000). Experimental studies on the salinity
tolerance of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum. In: Seagrasses: monitoring,
ecology, physiology, and management. Bortone, S.A. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton
LA.
Frank, S.A. (1996). Host-symbiont conflict over the mixing of symbiont lineages.
Proc. Royal Soc. London B 263, 339–344.
Grady, J.R. (1981). Properties of sea grass and sand flat sediments from the
inter-tidal zone of St. Andrew Bay, Florida. Estuaries 4:4, 335–344.
Hallock, P. (1997). Reefs and reef limestones in Earth history. In: Life
and Death of Coral Reefs. Birkeland, C. (Ed.). Chapman & Hall, New York
NY. pp. 13–42.
Hopley, D. (1982). Physical processes on coral reefs. In: The geomorphology
of the Great Barrier Reef: Quarternary development of coral reefs. Wiley-Interscience,
New York NY. pp.101–123.
Johnson, P. and Johnstone, P. (1995). Productivity and nutrient dynamics of
tropical sea-grass communities in Puttalam Lagoon, Sri Lanka. Ambio 24:7,
411–417.
Lee, K.S. and Dunton, K.H. (1999). Influence of sediment nitrogen-availability
on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum.
Marine Biology 134, 217–226.
McCoy, E.D. and Heck, K.L. (1976). Biogeography of corals, seagrasses, and
mangroves: an alternative to the center of origin concept. Systematic Zoology
25, 201–210.
McCoy, E.D. and Heck, K.L. (1983). Centers of origin revisited. Paleobiology
9, 17–19.
Muller-Parker, G. and D'Elia, C.F. (1997). Interactions between corals and their
symbiotic algae. In: Life and Death of Coral Reefs. Birkeland, C. (Ed.).
Chapman & Hall, New York NY. pp. 96–113.
Potts, D.C. (1984). Generation times and the Quaternary evolution of reef-building
corals. Paleobiology 10:1, 48–58.
Rougerie, F. and Wauthy, B. (1993). The endo-upwelling concept: from geothermal
convection to reef construction. Coral Reefs 12, 19–30.
Saad, S., Husain, M.L., Yaacob, R. and Asano, T. (1999). Sediment accretion
and variability of sedimentological characteristics of a tropical estuarine
mangrove: Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 3,
51–58.
Schwarz, J.A., Krupp, D.A., and Wesi, V.M. (1999). Late larval development and
onset of symbiosis in the scleractinian coral Fungia scutaria. Biological
Bulletin 196, 70–79.
Takemura, T., Hanagata, N., Sugihara, K., Baba, S, Karube, I. and Dubinsky,
Z. (2000). Physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress in the mangrove,
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Aquatic Botany 68, 15–28.
Woodroffe, C. (1992). Mangrove sediments and geomorphology. In: Tropical
Mangrove Ecosystems. Robertson, A.I. and Alongi, D.M. (Eds.). American geophysical
Union, Washington DC. pp. 7–41.
B. Second Half of Course
Andrefouet, S., Payri, C. (2001). Scaling-up carbon and carbonate metabolism
of coral reefs using in-situ data and remote sensing. Coral Reefs, 19:259–269.
Aragones, L. and Marsh, H. (2000). Impact of Dugong grazing and turtle cropping
on tropical seagrass communities. Pacific Conservation Biology 5: 277–288.
Benzie, J.A.H. (1999). Genetic structure of coral reef organisms: ghosts of
dispersal past. American Zoologist, 39: 131–145.
Buddemeier, R.W. and Fautin, D.G. (1993). Coral bleaching as an adaptive mechanism.
Bioscience 43:320–326.
Dewalt, B. R., Vergne, P and Hardin, M. (1996). Shrimp aquaculture development
and the environment; people, mangroves and fisheries on the Gulf of Fonseca,
Honduras. World Development 241:193–1208.
Glynn. P.W. (1996). Coral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications.
Global Change Biology 2:495–509.
Harvell, C.D., Kim, K., Burkholder, J.M., Colwell, R.R., Epstein, P.R., Grimes,
D.J., Hofmann, E.E., Lipp, E.K., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Overstreet, R.M., Porter,
J.W., Smith, G.W. and Vasta, G.R. (1999). Emerging marine diseases—climate
links and anthropogenic factors. Science 285:1505–1509.
Heidelbaugh, W.S., Hall,L.M., Kenworthy, W.J., Whitfield, P., Virnstein, R.W.,
Morris, L.J., Hanisak, M.D. (2000). Reciprocal transplanting of the threatened
seagrass Halophila johnsonii (Johnson’s seagrass) in the Indian
River Lagoon, Florida. In: Seagrasses: monitoring, ecology, physiology,
and management. Bortone, S.A. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton LA. pp. 197–210.
Hunter, C. L. and Evans, C.W. (1995). Coral reefs in Kaneohe bay, Hawaii: two
centuries of western influence and two decades of data. Bulletin of Marine
Science 57: 501–515.
Jackson, J.B.C. (1997). Reefs since Columbus. Coral Reefs 16: S23–S32.
Jackson, J.B.C. (2001). What was natural in the coastal oceans? Proceedings
National Academy of Sciences, USA. 98: 5411–5418.
Laegdsgaard, P. and Johnson, C.R. (1995). Mangrove habitats as nurseries: unique
assemblages of juvenile fish in subtropical mangroves in eastern Australia.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 126, 67–81.
Langdon, C, Takahashi, T, Sweeney, C, Chipman, D and Goddard, J. (2000). Effect
of calcium carbonate saturation state on the calcification rate of an experimental
coral reef. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14:2 639–654.
Marshall, P.A. and Baird, A.H. (2000). Bleaching of corals on the GBR: differential
susceptibilities among taxa. Coral Reefs 19:155–163.
McClanahan, T.R. (2000). Recovery of a coral reef keystone predator, Balistapus
undulatus, in East African marine parks. Biological Conservation
94: 191–198.
Nagelkerken, I., van der Velde, G., Gorissen, M.W., Meijer, G.J., van’t
Hof, T. and den Hartog, C. (2000). Importance of mangroves, seagrass beds and
the shallow coral reef as a nursery for important coral reef fishes, using a
visual census technique. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 51:31–44.
Ostrander, G.K., Armstrong, K.M., Knobbe, E.T., Gerace, D. and Scully, E.P.
(2000). Rapid transition in the structure of a coral reef community: the effects
of coral bleaching and physical disturbance. Proceedings of The National
Academy of Sciences USA 97:5297–5302.
Pethick, J. (2001). Coastal management and sea-level rise. Catena 42:307–322.
Symstad, A.J. and Tilman, D. (2001). Diversity loss, recruitment limitation,
and ecosystem functioning: lessons learned from a removal experiment. Oikos
93:3, 424–435.
Terchunian, A., Klemas, V., Segovia, A., Alvarez, A., Vasconez, B. and Guerrero,
L. (1986). Mangrove mapping in Ecuador: the impact of shrimp pond construction.
Environmental Management 10:345–350.
Veron, J.E.N. (1995). Vicariance and reticulate evolution. Chap. 12 In:
Corals in Space and Time: the biogeography and evolution of the scleractinia.
University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. pp. 211–224.
Volkman, JK. (1999). Australasian research on marine natural products: chemistry,
bioactivity and ecology. Marine and Freshwater Research, 50: 761–779.
Walters, B. (2000). Local mangrove planting in the Philippines: are local fisherfolk
and fishpond owners effective restorationists? Restoration Ecology 8:
237–246.
Rinkevich, B. (2000). Steps towards the evaluation of coral reef restoration
by using small branch fragments. Marine Biology 136, 807–812.
Wilkinson, C.R. (1996). Global climate change and coral reefs. Global Climate
Change Biology 2: 547–558.
Yap, H.T. (2000). The case for restoration of tropical coastal ecosystems. Ocean
and Coastal Management 43: 841–851.
Zieman, J.C., Fourqurean, J.W. and Frankovich, T.A. (1999). Seagrass die-off
in Florida Bay: long-term trends in abundance and growth of turtle grass, Thalassia
testudinum. Estuaries 22:460–470.