Winter 2000

This information effective for Winter 2000.
Check with instructor the first day of class for any changes.

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Earth Science

[EART-001-01] [EART-003-01] [EART-102-01] [EART-112-01] [EART-116-01] [EART-255-01]

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Earth Sciences 1 - Oceanography

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Oceanography is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the physical features and processes of the ocean and seafloor as well as the origin and evolution of the earth and ocean basins. The new developments in areas such as global tectonics, marine resources, global warming and sea level rise, asteroid impacts and dinosaur extinctions, marine waste disposal and pollution, El Nino and coastal hazards are all topics to be covered.

This course is distinct from but complimentary to Marine Science 1, which has a dominantly biological focus. Both course can be taken for credit in any order. Overlap should be minimal.

CLASS FORMAT AND REQUIREMENTS

Oceanography consists of 2 weekly lectures and a required 1.5 hour weekly lab/discussion section. The time in lab will be spent on short practical excercises designed to familiarize and give you some practical experience with the kinds of things oceanographers actually do, and also give you the opportunity to ask questions and discuss issues and oceanography in a smaller group situation. Each lab assignment must be turned in and you will be graded on these. Your lab work will count one-third of your total grade in the course. Failure to turn it in may lead to your not passing the course.

A midterm and final exam will be the basis of your grade and evaluation in the course along with your lab performance and work. Each of these components will count for ~ 1/3 of our grade. The midterm is scheduled on the following outline and everyone is expected to be there at the scheduled time, unless there is some unresolvable emergency and I have been informed prior to the exam. Do not expect any exceptions or leniency here. Failure to take the midterm or final will probably result in a No Record in the course.

TEXTBOOK

Oceanography- 3rd edition, Tom Garrison

INSTRUCTOR

Gary Griggs: Professor of Earth Sciences
Lectures: TuTh 12:00-1:45 in E&MS B206

*- Monday (2/15) is Exchange Day; Monday's classes and lab sections will meet on Tuesday (2/16) at same time.

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EART 3: The Geology of National Parks

Instructor: Susan Schwartz

Email: sschwartz@earthsci.ucsc.edu
E&MS Bldg. Room A133, x3133

Class Time:
M,W,F, 12:30-1:40, Classroom Unit 1

Sections:
T 10-11:30 AM, 12-1:30 PM, W 3:30-5:00 PM, 6:00-7:30 PM
Th 12-1:30 PM, 6-7:30 PM
Room Earth and Marine Sciences D250

Course Content:

Geologic concepts and processes responsible for shaping our National Parks including mountain building, volcanic and earthquake activity, sedimentation, weathering, erosion, and glaciation. An understanding of how geology impacts our lives will be emphasized. Appropriate for both science and non-science majors who wish to enhance their knowledge, enjoyment and appreciation of our National Parks.

Textbook:

Ann G. Harris, Esther Tuttle and Sherwood Tuttle, Geology of National Parks, 5th edition, Kendall/Hunt Publishers, 1997 (available at the bookstore).

Course Work:

Midterm, final and 6 hands-on exercises examing rocks, minerals and maps that can be nearly completed during the weekly sections.

SYLLABUS

Date	HW	Topic
1/5		Introduction to the Geology of National Parks
Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP)
1/7		A Trip Through 1.8 Billion Years of Earth History
1/10	1	Sedimentary Rocks and Environments of the Canyon
1/12		Environments of the Canyon Continued
1/14		Geologic History of the Grand Canyon (MOVIE)
Other Parks of the Colorado Plateau Province
1/19	2	Mesozoic History-Bryce and Zion Canyons
1/21		Weathering and Mass Wasting as Agents of Landform Creation
1/24		Policy and Effects of Damming the Colorado River in GCNP
National Parks Formed by Volcanic Activity
1/26		Diversity of Volcanic Activity
1/28		Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, Igneous Rocks and Their Building Blocks
1/31	3	The Cascade Volcanoes
2/2		The Eruption of Mt. St. Helens (MOVIE)
2/4		Hawaiian Island Volcanoes
2/7		Yellowstone- A Thermal Wonderland
2/9		Conservation Policy and the National Parks
2/11		MIDTERM
National Parks in Regions of Complex Mountain Building
2/14	4	Deformation, Metamorphism and the Rocky Mtns.- Rocky Mtn. and Glacier
2/16		Rocky Mtn. History Continued- Grand Teton Natl. Park
2/18		The Appalachian Mtns. -Great Smoky, Shenandoah, and Acadia
National Parks Shaped by Alpine Glaciation
2/23	5	Ice Ages, Past Climates, How Glaciers Form and Move
2/25		Gacial Features of Yosemite and Other Natl. Parks
Caves, Reefs and National Seashores and Marine Sanctuaries
2/28		Coastal Processes- Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
3/1		The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater -Mammoth Caves
3/3		Fossil and Modern Reefs-Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mtns.
Geologic Evolution of Western North America
3/6	6	The San Andreas Fault and Pinnacles National Monument
3/8		The Basin and Range -Great Basin, Joshua Tree, Death Valley
3/10		Parks of the Alaskan Frontier
3/13		Geology of Your Favorite National Parks

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EART 102: MARINE GEOLOGY

(For undergraduates, including Marine Biology majors, Earth Sciences majors, including Ocean Sciences pathway, and other undergraduate students. Ocean Sciences 280 for graduate students in Ocean Sciences, Earth Sciences, and other graduate fields.)

Professor: Peggy Delaney

Email: delaney@cats.ucsc.edu, A450 EMS, 94736

COURSE OUTLINE

Overview of marine geology and of this course

What are the characteristics of the seafloor and the ocean basins?

Seafloor provinces

Ocean basins, continental drainage basins

Hypsometric curve, depth-age and area-age relationships for ocean crust/lithosphere

How are these characteristics explained in the context of plate tectonics?

Major plates and plate boundaries

Distribution of seismic and volcanic activity, heat flow

Paleomagnetism and the age of the oceanic crust

Driving mechanisms, paleogeographic reconstructions

What are the distributions, sources, and characteristics of oceanic sediments?

The context: ocean circulation, oceanic biogeochemical cycles, and particle transport

Plate stratigraphy: sediment distribution in space and time

Calcium carbonate sedimentation and the CCD: global, regional, and local

Opaline silica sedimentation

Other sediment types: detrital, authigenic, organic carbon

Particle distributions and sediment reworking

Midterm Exam (in class)

How do we define sediment ages? What are the effects of organisms on the sediment record?

Sediment dating and sediment accumulation rates

Bioturbation

What are the roles of fluids in ocean sediments and ocean crust?

Interstitial water in marine sediments

Hydrothermal systems

What is the structure of the oceanic crust? What are the effects of the processes of formation, aging, and alteration?

Structure of oceanic crust, types of evidence

Formation and aging of oceanic crust, heat budgets

What are the characteristics of the continental margins? What processes are important in their formation and evolution?

Classification and distribution of continental margins

Passive margins, active margins

What do oceanic sediment records tell us about ocean and climate history?

Goals and methods of paleoceanography, climate history of the last 3 m.y.

Climate and ice volume history of the past 100 m.y.

Paleogeographies and past ocean circulation

Proposal presentations (students)

Overview and the future

Final Exam (take-home)

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

Problem sets (3)

Leading scheduled class discussions of journal articles (at least once for undergraduates, at least once for graduate students)

Participation in formal and informal class discussions

Preparation of one set of weekly study questions (graduate students)

Mid-term exam (in class)

Take-home final exam

Proposal and oral presentation of proposal

Evaluations will be based on performance on these requirements, on overall participation in class and discussion section, and on comprehension of course material demonstrated in interactions with instructor. The expectations, some of the assignments, and the context for evaluation are different for undergraduate and graduate students in this class. Class lectures and information from discussion sections are critical to your understanding and performance in this class.

COURSE READINGS:

The Ocean Basins: Their Structure and Evolution; (Open University Course Team, Pergamon Press)

Ocean Chemistry and Deep-Sea Sediments; (Open University Course Team, Pergamon Press)

Earth Sciences 102/Ocean Sciences 280 Course Reader (at UCSC Copy Center)

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Earth Sciences 112 : Climate Change in the Earth Sciences

Professor: Lisa Sloan
lcsloan@emerald.ucsc.edu

Winter Quarter, 2000

Prerequisites: ES5, 10, or 20, + Math11A or 19A, Chem 1B; ES110A recommended

Course description:

This course will provide a geologic overview of climates and environments for the present and past intervals of Earth history. Past climates will be investigated in terms of geologic evidence of such conditions in both the terrestrial and marine realms. The links between past climates and other aspects of Earth history will be studied, within the context of specific intervals of Earth history. Computer modeling using global climate models of the National Center for Atmospheric Research will be a component of a class project; students will design a modeling experiment, including hypotheses and boundary conditions, and they will analyze model results as part of their class efforts.

Audience to be served: Students who are interested in climate change from an Earth sciences perspective; this could include undergraduates interested in environmental science or marine geology concentrations, as well as surface process- and earth history-oriented undergraduate majors, plus students majoring in Environmental Studies, Anthropology, and Biology.

Grading:

Will be based upon one midterm exam, one paper, participation in climate modeling exercise (which will have several stages of assigned work, each graded separately), and final presentation.

Textbook:

Earth System History, by S. Stanley (Freeman Pubs.), plus readings to be on reserve in the Science Library.

GENERAL SYLLABUS:

Week 1: The Earth system, via an earth system science approach; introduction to climatology

Week 2: Climatology (continued), climate forcing and response on various time scales; overview of climates and climate change through Earth history

Week 3: Present day climate of earth; preanthropogenic and anthropogenic phases; introduction to climate models

Week 4: Climate and earth system of the Quaternary and middle Cenozoic (ice ages, cryosphere dynamics, ocean circulation changes, terrestrial effects of ice changes; middle Cenozoic mountain uplift and links to hemispheric climate change); application of climate models to Earth system history problems

Week 5: Climate and earth system of the early Cenozoic (warm Eocene world, onset of Antarctic glaciation; the Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum and postulated ocean reorganization, methane impacts); defining a modeled climate system problem

Week 6: Climate and earth system of the Cretaceous (the classic greenhouse earth and associated consequences, including large-scale ocean anoxia; rapid seafloor spreading, major production of hydrocarbons; end Cretaceous climate dynamics and consequences of bolide impact); class set-up of modeling study

Week 7: Climate and earth system of the Permian and the Permo-Triassic boundary (world of a megacontinent; classic rock signatures; the geochemical records of the PT boundary, associated theories of extinction causes); an introduction to the analysis of climate model results

Week 8: Climate and earth system of the Ordovician and Carboniferous (greenhouse world with glaciation; biosphere influence upon Carboniferous Earth system)

Week 9: Climate and earth system of the Archean and Proterozoic (climatoc consequences of early Earth physical characteristics; the snowball Earth; early carbon cycle)

Week 10: Presentation of model results; Overview and summary of course

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Earth Sciences 255 - PALEOCLIMATOLOGY

Professor: Lisa Sloan
lcsloan@emerald.ucsc.edu

Winter Quarter, 2000

Required Text:

Paleoclimatology, Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary (2nd Ed.), by R. S. Bradley, plus supplemental readings.

Recommended text:

Paleoclimatology, by T. Crowley and G. North.

Grades:

Will be based upon participation in discussions, presentation of papers, and analysis of paleoclimate data.

Format:

Class meets twice a week; course is ~60% lecture, 40% discussion and presentation

Enrollment:

Restricted to Earth Sciences graduate students

GENERAL SYLLABUS:

Week 1 Introduction to climatology, climate forcing on long timescales

Week 2 Paleoclimatic reconstructions and proxy paleoclimate data

Week 3 Dendroclimatology and dendrochronology

Week 4 Paleobotany and Paleopalynology

Week 5 Paleosols, borehole temperatures, faunal data

Week 6 Ice cores, otoliths, speleothems: oxygen isotopes in terrestrial records

Week 7 Lake Levels and Periglacial Features

Week 8 Terrestrial and marine connections and reconstructions of paleoclimates

Week 9 Modeling Quaternary paleoclimates

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Earth Sciences 116: Hydrology

Winter 2000

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NOTE: This was the syllabus LAST YEAR.

This year's syllabus will be similar

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Earth Sciences 116: Hydrology, Winter 1999

Instructor	Teaching Assistant
Andy Fisher	Dave Schleupner
Office: EMS A209	Office: EMS A215
Phone: 459-5598	Phone: 459-2551
E-mail: afisher@es.ucsc.edu	E-mail: schleupner@es.ucsc.edu
Office hours: M 1-3 (and other afternoons by arrangement; please call and/or e-mail in advance)	Office hours: T 1-2, Th 1-2 (and by arrangement; please call and/or e-mail in advance)

Course hours: Tuesday and Thursday, 2:00-3:45 pm
Course location: E&MS; D250
Laboratory hours: Wednesday 2:00-5:00 pm and Friday 9:30 am-12:30 pm
please choose one of these laboratory sessions and stick with it for the quarter
Laboratory location: E&MS; D250 (and occasionally in the field; see schedule)

Field trip: San Lorenzo Drainage: Wed, 17 February or Fri, 19 February
(see also infiltration and urban hydrology labs, partly in the field)
Assignments: nine lab exercises, seven problem sets
Exams (both closed-book): Midterm - Thursday, 4 February, 2:00-3:45 pm
Final - cumulative, Thursday, 18 March, 8:00-11:00 am

Critical issue paper: ³5 page paper due Tuesday, 9 March (at the start of class). You may be asked to present your paper to the class (5 minutes) and to lead a discussion.

Grades/Evaluations are to be based on the tests, labs, class participation, and assignments:

25% Labs and field trip(s)
15% Assignments, including issue paper
15% Midterm
25% Final
20% Class participation/demonstration of PMA and ROV

Required texts:

Viessman and Lewis, 1996, Introduction to Hydrology
Mount, 1995, California Rivers and Streams

Additional reading:

Dunne and Leopold, 1978, Water in Environmental Planning (on reserve)
Reisner, 1993, Cadillac Desert (on reserve)
Dingman, 1994, Physical Hydrology (on reserve)
Additional journal articles may be placed on reserve in the Science Library or in the Earth Sciences office.

All readings should be completed before the class in which the topics of that reading are to be presented and discussed.

To help you to consider the connections between hydrology, geological processes, and day-to-day life, I'm asking you to select a single water topic that has been in the news, and place some aspect of the discussion to a critical test. The topic can be a resource debate; a controversy over contamination and clean-up; changes to current local, state or federal laws that affect water; or a scientific development. The product of this effort will be a short (2-5 page) paper containing an overview of the selected issue and a specific explanation as to how it relates to primary principles of water quality, quantity, behavior, or flow processes. Ideally, your paper will include a rigorous (possibly quantitative) test of some assertion. This paper should include citations of key references and sources, plus tables and figures, if needed. This is not a book report. I want to see some original thought and analysis. Please check with me if you are unclear on this assignment.