Physics

1. Conceptual Physics. W
Addressed to majors in non-science disciplines. Topics in classical and modern physics and the relation to physical phenomena in the world around us. Concepts are stressed, but some calculational techniques are developed. Knowledge of high school algebra is desirable. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) T. Schalk

2. The Quantum Enigma. *
Addressed to non-science majors but may be of interest to science majors as well, since material is largely not covered in the regular physics program. Focus is the bizarre view of physical reality and connectedness demanded by quantum mechanics, the basis of modern physics. A brief overview of classical physics and relativity is included. Concepts are stressed, but some calculational techniques are developed. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) F. Kuttner

5A. Introduction to Physics I. F
Elementary mechanics. Vectors, Newton’s laws, inverse square force laws, work and energy, conservation of momentum and energy, and oscillations. Corequisite(s): concurrent enrollment in course 5L and Mathematics 19A or 20A is required. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) D. Smith

5B. Introduction to Physics II. W
A continuation of 5A. Wave motion in matter, including sound waves. Geometrical optics, interference and polarization, statics and dynamics of fluids. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L and Mathematics 19A or 20A; concurrent enrollment in course 5M is required. Corequisite: Mathematics 19B or 20B. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) W. Atwood

5C. Introduction to Physics III. S
Introduction to electricity and magnetism. Electromagnetic radiation, Maxwell’s equations. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L and Mathematics 19B or 20B. Concurrent enrollment in 5N is required. Corequisite: Mathematics 22 or 23A. Courses 5B/M recommended. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) A. Aguirre

5D. Heat, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics (2 credits). F
Introduction to temperature, heat, and thermal conductivity, ideal gases, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and an introduction to kinetic theory. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L and Mathematics 19B or 20B. C. Heusch

5L. Introduction to Physics Laboratory (1 credit). F
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in 5A-5B-5C, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. Prerequisite(s): concurrent enrollment in course 5A is required. The Staff

5M. Introduction to Physics Laboratory (1 credit). W
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in 5A-5B-5C, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L; concurrent enrollment in course 5B is required. The Staff

5N. Introduction to Physics Laboratory (1 credit). S
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in 5A-5B-5C, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L. Concurrent enrollment in 5C is required. Courses 5B/M recommended. The Staff

6A. Introductory Physics I. F,W
Elementary mechanics. Vectors, Newton’s laws, inverse square force laws, work and energy, conservation of momentum and energy, and oscillations. Prerequisite(s): Concurrent enrollment in course 6L required. Corequisite: Mathematics 11A or 19A or 20A. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) F. Kuttner, D. Dorfan, Z. Schlesinger

6B. Introductory Physics II. W,S
A continuation of 6A. Wave motion in matter, including sound waves. Geometrical optics, interference and polarization, statics and dynamics of fluids. Introduction to thermodynamics, including temperature, heat, thermal conductivity, and kinetic energy. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L or 6A/L and Mathematics 11A or 19A or 20A; concurrent enrollment in course 6M required. Corequisite: Mathematics 11B or 19B or 20B. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) D. Williams, D. Belanger

6C. Introductory Physics III. F,S
Introduction to electricity and magnetism. Electromagnetic radiation, Maxwell’s equations. Prerequisite(s): courses 6A/L or 5A/L and Mathematics 11B or 19B or 20B; concurrent enrollment in course 6N required. Corequisite: Mathematics 22 or 23A. Courses 6B/M are suggested. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) F. Bridges, B. Schumm

6L. Introductory Physics Laboratory (1 credit). F,W
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in 6A-6B-6C, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. 6L is offered in fall and winter; 6M is offered in winter and spring; 6N is offered in spring and fall. Prerequisite(s): Concurrent enrollment in course 6A required. The Staff

6M. Introductory Physics Laboratory (1 credit). W,S
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in 6A-6B-6C, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. 6L is offered in fall and winter; 6M is offered in winter and spring; 6N is offered in spring and fall. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L or 6A/L; concurrent enrollment in course 6B required. The Staff

6N. Introductory Physics Laboratory (1 credit). F,S
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in 6A-6B-6C, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. 6L is offered in fall and winter; 6M is offered in winter and spring; 6N is offered in spring and fall. Prerequisite(s): courses 6A/L or 5A/L; concurrent enrollment in course 6C required; courses 6B/M are suggested.
The Staff

7A. Elementary Physics I. W
The physics of mechanics, wave motion, temperature, pressure, and fluids. A lecture and discussion course that provides a basic foundation of physics for students whose major interest is in biology, a premedical program, or another science. Concurrent enrollment in course 7L is required. High school algebra, geometry, and trigonometry are recommended. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) S. Carter

7B. Elementary Physics II. S
A continuation of course 7A. The physics of electricity and magnetism, optics, special relativity, quantum theory and the atom. Concurrent enrollment in course 7M is required. Prerequisite(s): course 7A. Concurrent enrollment in course 7M is required. (General Education Code(s): IN, Q.) F. Kuttner

7L. Elementary Physics Laboratory (1 credit). W,S
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in course 7A-B, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. Concurrent enrollment in 7A is required. The Staff

7M. Elementary Physics Laboratory (1 credit).
Laboratory sequence illustrating topics covered in course 7A-B, respectively. One three-hour laboratory session per week. Concurrent enrollment in 7B is required. The Staff

10. Overview of Physics (2 credits). F
One lecture per week providing a descriptive overview of major areas in the discipline. These include fundamental particles, solid state, fluids, nonlinear dynamics, biophysics, and cosmology. Lectures by various faculty with research interests in these fields. The course is suggested for prospective physics majors, or others, before they enroll in the Physics 5 sequence. J. Primack

11. The Physicist in Industry (2 credits). S
One two-hour meeting per week. Subjects include roles of the physicist in industry, the business environment in a technical company, economic considerations, job hunting, and discussions with physicists with industrial experience. Strongly recommended for applied physics majors, but open to all. Enrollment limited to 15. F. Kuttner,
B. Rosenblum

14. Introduction to Vector Calculus with Applications (2 credits). *
Partial differentiation, the chain rule, multiple integrals, Jacobians, surface integrals and the divergence, line integrals and the curl, Stokes theorem, gradients and directional derivatives. Prerequisite(s): Mathematics 22 or 23A. The Staff

42. Student-Directed Seminar.
Seminars taught by upper-division students under faculty supervision. (See course 192.) The Staff

80A. Physics and Psychophysics of Music. *
Fundamental theory of vibration, sound waves, sound propagation, diffraction, and interference. Free, coupled, and driven oscillations. Resonance phenomena and modes of oscillation. Fourier’s theorem. Anatomy and psychophysics of the ear. Musical scales and intervals. Nature of plucked and bowed strings; guitar, violin, piano. Woodwind and brass instruments. Architectural acoustics. High school algebra and basic knowledge of musical notation recommended. (General Education Code(s): T2-Natural Sciences, Q.) W. Mathews

80C. Cosmology and Culture. *
Introduction to scientific cosmology. Examination of cultural roles of creation myths and cosmologies; examples include Zunian, Mayan, and ancient, medieval, and modern Judeo-Christian cosmologies. Possible cultural and religious repercussions of Big Bang, Gaia, and other modern origin stories. (General Education Code(s): T7-Natural Sciences or Social Sciences.) J. Primack

80D. The Quantum Century. *
Historical survey of twentieth-century physics, emphasizing quantum theory and its impact upon science and culture, relativity, atomic structure and applications in the laser, transistor, and nuclear weapons. Impact of World War II, cold war, and the growth of Big Science. (General Education Code(s): T6-Natural Sciences or Humanities and Arts.) M. Riordan

99. Tutorial. F,W,S
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. The Staff

Upper-Division Courses

101A. Introduction to Modern Physics I. F
Special theory of relativity. Early experiments and models in quantum physics. Introduction to concepts and calculations in quantum mechanics. Single-electron atoms. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L, 5B/M, and 5C/N or 6A/L, 6B/M, and 6C/N. Z. Schlesinger

101B. Introduction to Modern Physics II. W
Topics in quantum physics, including angular momentum and spin, the Pauli exclusion principle, and quantum statistics. Applications in multi-electron atoms, molecules, solid state physics, and nuclear and particle physics. Prerequisite(s): course 14 or Mathematics 23B; course 101A; 14 or Math 23B; 5A/L, 5B/M, and 5C/N or 6A/L, 6B/M, and 6C/N. M. Dine

105. Mechanics. F
Particle dynamics in one, two, and three dimensions. Conservation laws. Small oscillations, Fourier series and Fourier integral solutions. Phase diagrams and nonlinear motions, Lagrange’s equations, and Hamiltonian dynamics. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L, 5B/M, 5C/N, and 116A-B. M. Dine

107. Fluid Dynamics. *
The convective derivative, the equation of continuity, and the Euler equation are introduced. Additional terms in the equations are provided as applications are introduced from Earth sciences, oceanography, meteorology, and astrophysics. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L, 5B/M, and 116A-B-C. The Staff

110A. Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics. W
Maxwell’s equations, electrostatics, magnetostatics, induction, electromagnetic waves, physical optics, and circuit theory. Prerequisite(s): 116A-B-C. R. Johnson

110B. Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics. S
Maxwell’s equations, electrostatics, magnetostatics, induction, electromagnetic waves, physical optics, and circuit theory. Prerequisite(s): course 110A, 114A, and 116A-B-C. M. Dine

112. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics. W
Consequences of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, elementary statistical mechanics, thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Prerequisite(s): courses 5B/M, 5C/N, 5D, 101A, 101B, 105, and 116A-B. D. Belanger

115. Computational Physics. S
This course will apply efficient numerical methods to the solutions of problems in the physical sciences which are otherwise intractable. Examples will be drawn from classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and electrodynamics. Students will apply a high-level programming language, such as Mathematica, to the solution of physical problems and develop appropriate error and stability estimates. Prerequisite(s): courses 101B, 105, 116A-B-C, or equivalent. Basic programming experience in C or Fortran. No previous experience with Mathematica is required. Offered in alternate academic years. A. Young

116A. Mathematical Methods in Physics. W
Probability, infinite series and power series, complex numbers, systems of differential equations, linear algebra, and matrix operations. Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L, 5B/M, 5C/N; Mathematics 23A, 23B. A. Young

116B. Mathematical Methods in Physics. S
Linear vector spaces and coordinate transformations, tensor analysis, ordinary differential equations and boundary value problems, calculus of variations, special functions and asymptotic series, and Fourier series. (Formerly course 114A.). Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L, 5B/M, 5C/N, 116A; and Mathematics 23A and 23B or equivalent. D. Dorfan, A. Young

116C. Mathematical Methods in Physics. F
Legendre polynomials and Bessel functions, partial differential equations and boundary value problems, functions of a complex variable including the residue theorem, integral transforms, Green function techniques and the delta function. (Formerly course 114B.). Prerequisite(s): courses 5A/L, 5B/M, 5C/N, 116A-B. D. Dorfan, A. Young

120. Polymer Physics. *
Statistical properties polymers; scaling behavior, fractal dimensions; random walks, self avoidance; single chains and concentrated solutions; dynamics and topological effects in melts; polymer networks; sol-gel transitions; polymer blends; application to biological systems; computer simulations will demonstrate much of the above. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 240. Prerequisite(s): courses 112, 116A-B-C. Offered in alternate academic years. J. Deutsch

129. Nuclear and Particle Physics. S
Properties and classification of the elementary particles, their weak and strong interactions, nuclear physics, high energy phenomena analyzed by quantum mechanical methods, experimental methodology. Prerequisite(s): courses 116A-B-C and 139A; students with equivalent course work may contact instructor for permission to enroll. C. Heusch

133. Intermediate Laboratory. W,S
Demonstration of phenomena of classical and modern physics. Development of a familiarity with experimental methods. Special experimental projects may be undertaken by students in this laboratory. Prerequisite(s): course 101A. D. Smith

134. Physics Advanced Laboratory. F,W
Individual experimental investigations of basic phenomena in atomic, nuclear, and solid state physics. Prerequisite(s): courses 133 and 101B. May be repeated for credit. S. Carter, F. Kuttner

135. Astrophysics Advanced Laboratory. *
Introduction to the techniques of modern observational astrophysics at optical and radio wavelengths through hands-on experiments. Offered in some academic years as a multiple-term course: 135A in fall and 135B in winter, depending on astronomical conditions. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 135. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): course 133 and at least one astronomy course. Intended primarily for juniors and seniors majoring or minoring in astrophysics. R. Dewey

135A. Astrophysics Advanced Laboratory (3 credits). F
Introduction to techniques of modern observational astrophysics at optical and radio wavelengths through hands-on experiments. Intended primarily for juniors and seniors majoring or minoring in astrophysics. Offered in some academic years as single-term course 135 in fall, depending on astronomical conditions. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 135A. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): course 133 and at least one astronomy course. R. Dewey

135B. Astrophysics Advanced Laboratory (2 credits). W
Introduction to techniques of modern observational astrophysics at optical and radio wavelengths through hands-on experiments. Intended primarily for juniors and seniors majoring or minoring in astrophysics. Offered in some academic years as single-term course 135 in fall, depending on astronomical conditions. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 135B. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): course 133 and at least one astronomy course. R. Dewey

139A. Quantum Mechanics. F,S
The principles and mathematical techniques of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics: the Schrödinger equation, Dirac notation, angular momentum, approximation methods, and scattering theory. Offered in spring. Prerequisite(s): courses 101A, 101B, 116A-B-C. T. Banks

139B. Quantum Mechanics. F
The principles and mathematical techniques of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics: the Schrödinger equation, Dirac notation, angular momentum, approximation methods, and scattering theory. Offered in fall. Prerequisite(s): courses 101A, 101B, 116A-B-C, and 139A. Z. Schlesinger

143. Supervised Teaching (2 credits). F,W,S
Supervised tutoring in selected introductory courses. Students should have completed course 101A and 101B as preparation. Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. The Staff

152. Optoelectronics. *
The first half of the course covers the theory of optoelectronics including wave, electromagnetic, and photon optics, modulation of light by matter, and photons in semiconductors. The second half covers applications including displays, lasers, photodetectors, optical switches, fiber optics, and communication systems. Prerequisite(s): courses 101A, 101B, and 110A. S. Carter

155. Solid State Physics. W
Interatomic forces and crystal structure, diffraction, lattice vibrations, free electron model, energy bands, semiconductor theory and devices, optical properties, magnetism, magnetic resonance, superconductivity. Prerequisite(s): courses 112 and 139A; students with equivalent course work may contact instructor for permission to enroll. Z. Schlesinger

156. Applications of Solid State Physics. S
Emphasizes the application of condensed matter physics to a variety of situations. Examples chosen from subfields such as semiconductor physics, lasers, superconductivity, low temperature physics, magnetism, and defects in crystals. Prerequisite(s): courses 101A and 101B. The Staff

160. Practical Electronics. *
Provides a practical knowledge of electronics that experimentalists generally need in research. The course assumes no previous knowledge of electronics and progresses according to the interest and ability of the class. Based on weekly lectures. However, with the aid of the instructor, the students are expected to learn mainly through the design, construction, and debugging of electronics projects. Prerequisite(s): courses 5C and 5N or 6C and 6N. Offered in alternate academic years. D. Dorfan

171. General Relativity, Black Holes, and Cosmology. F
Special relativity is reviewed. Curved space-time, including the metric and geodesics, are illustrated with simple examples. The Einstein equations are solved for cases of high symmetry. Black hole physics and cosmology are discussed, including recent developments. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 171. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Prerequisite(s): courses 105, 110A, 110B, and 116A-B-C. A. Aguirre

191. Teaching Practicum. F,W,S
Designed to provide upper-divsion undergraduates with an opportunity to work with students in lower division courses, leading discussions, reading and marking submissions, and assisting in the planning and teaching of a course. Prerequisite(s): excellent performance in major courses; instructor approval required; enrollment restricted to senior physics majors. The Staff

192. Directed Student Teaching. F,W,S
Teaching of a lower-division seminar under faculty supervision. (See course 42.) Prerequisite(s): upper-division standing; submission of a proposal supported by a faculty member willing to supervise. The Staff

195A. Senior Thesis Research (3 credits). F
A seminar course to help students explore their theses topics and plan, organize, and develop their theses. Choosing a thesis topic, preparing a work plan for the research, assembling an annotated bibliography, and writing a draft outline of the thesis. Students must complete 5 credits in the 195 series to satisfy the writing intensive (W) general education requirement. C. Heusch

195B. Senior Thesis Research (2 credits). W
Seminars to help students explore their theses topics and plan, organize, and develop their theses. Refining the thesis outline; preparing draft sections, preparing a written progress report; delivering an oral progress report. Students must complete 5 credits in the 195 series to satisfy the writing intensive (W) general education requirement. (General Education Code(s): W.) C. Heusch

199. Tutorial. F,W,S
Students submit petition to sponsoring agency. The Staff

199F. Tutorial (2 credits).
The Staff

Graduate Courses

205. Introduction to Research in Physics (2 credits). W
Lectures by UCSC faculty on current areas of physics research being carried out locally. Topics of the presentations include elementary particle physics, condensed matter and solid state physics, fluids, waves in random media, non-linear dynamics, biophysics, and cosmology. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. D. Dorfan

210. Classical Mechanics. F
Generalized coordinates, calculus of variations, Lagrange’s equations with constraints, Hamilton’s equations, applications to particle dynamics including charged particles in an electromagnetic field, applications to continuum mechanics including fluids and electromagnetic fields, introduction to nonlinear dynamics. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. D. Belanger

212. Electromagnetism I. F
Electrostatics and magnetostatics, boundary value problems with spherical and cylindrical symmetry, multipole expansion, dielectric media, magnetic materials, electromagnetic properties of materials, time-varying electromagnetic fields, Maxwell’s equations, conservation laws, plane electromagnetic waves and propagation, waveguides and resonant cavities. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. G. Brown

213. Electromagnetism and Plasma Physics. W
Topics in classical radiation: multipole radiation, synchrotron and Cerenkov radiation, Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, stimulated and coherent emission, diffraction and scattering. Topics in plasma physics: plasma waves, Debye length, adiabatic invariants, wave propagation in plasmas, Landau damping, two-stream instability. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 202. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. H. Haber

214. Electromagnetism II. *
Lorentz covariant formulation of Maxwell’s equations, dynamics of relativistic charged particles and electromagnetic fields, scattering and diffraction. Topics in classical radiation theory: simple radiating systems radiation by moving charges, multipole radiation, synchrotron radiation, Cerenkov radiation, bremsstrahlung and radiation damping. Prerequisite(s): course 212. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. B. Shastry

215. Introduction to Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. W
Mathematic introduction; fundamental postulates; time evolution operator, including the Heisenberg and Schrodinger pictures; simple harmonic oscillator and coherent states; one-dimensional scattering theory, including S-matrix resonant phenomena; two-state systems, including magnetic resonance; symmetries, including rotation group, spin, and the Wigner-Eckart theorem; rotationally invariant problems, including the hydrogen atom; gauge invariance, including Landau levels; introduction to path integral. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. B. Shastry

216. Advanced Topics in Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. S
Approximate methods: time-independent perturbation theory, variational principle, time-dependent perturbation theory; three-dimensional scattering theory; identical particles; permutation symmetry and exchange degeneracy, anti-symmetric and symmetric states; many-body systems and self-consistent fields: variational calculations; second quantized formalism, including Fock spaces/number representation, field operators and Green functions; applications: electron gas; quantization of the electromagnetic field and interaction of radiation with matter: absorption, emission, scattering, photoelectric effect, and lifetimes. Prerequisite(s): course 215. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. B. Shastry

217. Quantum Field Theory I. F
Lorentz invariance in quantum theory, Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations, the relativistic hydrogen atom, Green functions and canonical approach to field theory, quantum electrodynamics, Feynman diagrams for scattering processes, symmetries and Ward identities. Students learn to perform calculations of scattering and decay of particles in field theory. Prerequisite(s): course 216. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. H. Haber

218. Quantum Field Theory II. W
Path integral approach to quantum field theory. Theory of renormalization and the renormalization group, introduction to gauge theories and spontaneously broken field theories. Applications to the standard model of strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. Prerequisite(s): course 217. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. T. Banks

219. Statistical Physics. S
The basic laws of thermodynamics, entropy, thermodynamic potentials, kinetic theory of gases, quantum and classical statistical mechanics, virial expansion, linear response theory. Applications in condensed matter physics. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. J. Deutsch

220. Theory of Many-Body Physics. *
Finite temperature Green functions, Feynman diagrams, Dyson equation, linked cluster theorem, Kubo formula for electrical conductivity, electron gas, random phase approximation, Fermi surfaces, Landau fermi liquid theory, electron phonon coupling, Migdal’s theorem, superconductivity. Prerequisite(s): courses 216 and 219. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. B. Shastry

221A. Introduction to Particle Physics I. F
First quarter of a two-quarter graduate level introduction to particle physics, including the following topics: discrete symmetries, quark model, particle classification, masses and magnetic moments, passage of radiation through matter, detector technology, accelerator physics, Feynman calculus, and electron-positron annihilation. Prerequisite(s): course 217 or concurrent enrollment. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. B. Schumm

221B. Introduction to Particle Physics II. W
Second quarter of a two-quarter graduate level introduction to particle physics, including the following topics: nucleon structure, weak interactions and the Standard Model, neutrino oscillation, quantum chromodynamics, CP violation, and a tour of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Prerequisite(s): course 221A; course 217 or concurrent enrollment. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. A. Seiden

222. Quantum Field Theory III. S
Focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of the standard model, including the spontaneous symmetry breaking, the renormalization group, the operator product expansion, and precision tests of the Standard Model. Prerequisite(s): courses 218 and 221B. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. H. Haber

224. Origin and Evolution of the Universe. *
Introduction to the particle physics and cosmology of the very early universe: relativistic cosmology, initial conditions, inflation and grand unified theories, baryosynthesis, nucleosynthesis, gravitational collapse, hypotheses regarding the dark matter and consequences for formation of galaxies and large scale structure. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 224. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. J. Primack

226. General Relativity. *
Develops the formalism of Einstein’s general relativity, including solar system tests, gravitational waves, cosmology, and black holes. (Also offered as Astronomy and Astrophysics 226. Students cannot receive credit for both courses.) Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. A. Aguirre

231. Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics. F
Crystal structures, reciprocal lattice, crystal bonding, phonons (including specific heat), band theory of electrons, free electron model, electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, transport theory. Prerequisite(s): course 216. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. B. Shastry

232. Condensed Matter Physics. W
Magnetism (para, ferro, anti-ferro, ferri), spin waves, superconductivity, introduction to semiconductors. Prerequisite(s): course 231. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. J. Deutsch

233. Advanced Condensed Matter Physics. *
A special topics course which includes areas of current interest in condensed matter physics. Possible topics include superconductivity, phase transitions, renormalization group, disordered systems, surface phenomena, magnetic resonance, and spectroscopy. Prerequisite(s): course 231. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. The Staff

240. Polymer Physics. *
Statistical properties polymers. Scaling behavior, fractal dimensions. Random walks, self avoidance. Single chains and concentrated solutions. Dynamics and topological effects in melts. Polymer networks. Sol-gel transitions. Polymer blends. Application to biological systems. Computer simulations demonstrating much of the above. Students cannot receive credit for this course and course 120. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. J. Deutsch

242. Computational Physics. S
This course will apply efficient numerical methods to the solution of problems in the physical sciences which are otherwise intractable. Examples will be drawn from classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and electrodynamics. Students will apply a high-level programming language such as Mathematica to the solution of physical problems and will develop appropriate error and stability estimates. Prerequisite(s): basic programming experience in C or Fortran. No previous experience with Mathematica is required. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. A. Young

251. Group Theory and Modern Physics. S
Finite and continuous groups, group representation theory, the symmetric group and Young tableaux, Lie groups and Lie algebras, irreducible representations of Lie algebras by tensor methods, unitary groups in particle physics, Dynkin diagrams, Lorentz and Poincaré groups. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. Offered in alternate academic years. J. Primack

290. Special Topics. *
A series of lectures on various topics of current interest in physics at UC Santa Cruz. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit. T. Banks

291A. Cosmology (2 credits). F,W,S
Intensive research seminar on cosmology and related topics in astrophysics: nature of dark matter; origin of cosmological inhomogeneties and other initial conditions of the big bang; origin and evolution of galaxies and large scale structure in the universe. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. J. Primack

291C. Developments in Theoretical Particle Physics (2 credits). F,W,S
Seminar on the current literature of elementary particle physics, ranging from strong and weak interaction phenomenology to Higgs physics, supersymmetry, and superstring theory. Students may present their own research results. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit. H. Haber, M. Dine

292. Seminar (no credit). F,W,S
Weekly seminar attended by faculty and graduate students. Directed at all physics graduate students who have not taken and passed the qualifying examination for the Ph.D. program. Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. May be repeated for credit. D. Dorfan

292F. Seminar (2 credits).
The Staff

297. Independent Study. F,W,S
Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. The Staff

298. Theoretical and Experimental Research Project. F,W,S
Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. The Staff

299. Thesis Research. F,W,S
Enrollment restricted to graduate students only, except by permission of instructor. The Staff

*Not offered in 2004-05