Course requirements. Each history major selects one of the three regions of concentration listed above. History majors who enter UCSC during fall 2002 or later are required to take at least one quarter of a lower-division survey course within their chosen region of concentration. A list of the lower-division survey courses offered within each region is available from the history undergraduate adviser. Transfer students may be able to apply survey courses taken prior to entering UCSC towards this requirement. In consultation with the history undergraduate adviser and a faculty adviser, the student plans a program of study that will also fulfill the following distribution of courses:

• five courses in the region of concentration, one of which must be a lower-division survey course; three of the remaining courses must be upper-division;

• two courses from each of the remaining two regions of concentration;

• two upper-division history electives based in any of the regions of concentration;

• one senior comprehensive requirement (see below) based in the region of concentration.

Students may also choose to organize their course selections according to some general theme of special interest to them. Faculty and staff advisers will assist students who choose this option.

Distribution requirements. Among the 12 courses required for the major, at least three courses must be set in periods prior to to the year 1800, and one of these must be set before 600 a.d. Also, no more than four of the minimum 12 courses may be lower-division.

Interdisciplinary course work. The History Department encourages its majors to take upper-division courses in disciplines related to history, including sociology, literature, community studies, American studies, politics, Latin American and Latino studies, and others. Students who wish to substitute one or two such appropriate upper-division courses for history electives must meet with their history faculty adviser and complete a course substitution form (available at the History Department Office). These courses may not also be applied toward neither a second major nor a minor from another department.

Comprehensive requirement. The senior comprehensive requirement can be fulfilled by completing a senior seminar (one quarter: 194-series or 196-series) or a senior thesis (two quarters: courses 195A and 195B). Please consult the history undergraduate handbook, available at the department office, for a more detailed description of these courses.

Language recommendation. Proficiency in a foreign language is strongly recommended for all history students and is essential for those who plan to pursue graduate studies in history. Many Ph.D. programs in history require applicants to read one or two languages besides English. The UC Education Abroad Program (EAP) is appropriate for history majors as a means to both enhance language skills and take history courses elsewhere.

UC Education Abroad Program. A maximum of three courses in history completed through EAP may be applied toward major requirements. Consult the undergraduate handbook, and speak with the undergraduate adviser for further details.

Transfer students. Transfer students may apply up to three history courses taken elsewhere toward the history major or minor. A minimum of nine history courses must be taken at UCSC for the major and five for the minor. Students transferring from other UC campuses must take a minimum of five upper-division courses, including the senior comprehensive requirement, at UCSC for the major.

Intensive Concentration
The intensive major in Mexican/Chicano history has been suspended. Students may consult Associate Professor Pedro Castillo or the department's undergraduate adviser to identify courses of interest in this subject area.

Requirements for the Minor

Students whose major area of interest is not history may nonetheless find that a minor in history makes an invaluable contribution to their studies. For the minor in history, eight history courses, four of which must be upper division, are required. There is no senior comprehensive requirement for the minor.

Graduate Program

The Ph.D. program in history at UC Santa Cruz emphasizes an interdisciplinary and cross-cultural approach to historical studies. We offer a rigorous program of instruction and independent work that trains students in the techniques of original historical research and equips them to teach university-level courses in history. We only admit those highly motivated students who are most qualified to pursue advanced studies in history. We also only admit those applicants who can best benefit from the specific strengths of our faculty.

Just as the work of most professional historians centers around research and teaching, training in these areas constitutes the two essential poles of the graduate program in history.

Research Clusters
The History Department has created a series of thematic research clusters to coordinate the training of graduate students in historical research. Each research cluster is composed of several History Department faculty and graduate students as well as faculty outside the department who share broad scholarly interests. The clusters serve as a way to coordinate the research of faculty and graduate students whose work encompasses different geographic regions and chronological periods. Although the nature and number of the research clusters may change over time, the department currently offers two basic groupings: (1) colonialism, race, and transnational migrations; and (2) the history of gender.

The faculty of each cluster provides at least one research seminar every other year in addition to readings courses. All the affiliated graduate students must take at least one research seminar during their first two years; they are encouraged to take more than one. The combination of research seminars and other cluster activities ensures not only that graduate students build close and sustained working relationships with faculty but also that students at all levels, from first year to advanced, share common intellectual experiences. Faculty and graduate students in each cluster join with those from other departments to meet informally to read and discuss the work of cluster members, bring in outside speakers, and organize conferences.

In addition to cluster activities, faculty and graduate students participate in interdisciplinary forums outside the department. These include programs sponsored by The Chicano/Latino Research Center, the Pre- and Early Modern Studies Group, the Center for Cultural Studies, and the UCSC Institute for Humanities Research. Advanced graduate students may also have the opportunity to work in programs sponsored by the University of California Humanities Research Institute at UC Irvine. Finally, multi-campus groups in which students and faculty are involved include the Bay Area Seminar in Early American Studies, the Bay Area Pre- and Early Modern Studies Group, and the French Studies Group at Stanford.

Research and Teaching
In preparing graduate students for research and teaching at the university level, the department offers training in four geographically defined fields: U.S. history, European history since 1500, East Asian history since 1600, and world history since 1500. U.S., European, and East Asian history are defined as primary teaching fields; each graduate student is required to choose one. Students of U.S. history may incorporate Latin American history in their course work, while students of European history might include the history of European colonialism and imperialism. Every year the faculty in each field offers introductory readings, seminars, and, when possible, classes on more specific topics (see below for information on course offerings). Each graduate student also prepares a second teaching field different from the primary field and can choose from among U.S., European, East Asian, or world history. Students may also petition the graduate committee to prepare a secondary teaching field in African or Latin American history.

Courses
Until they pass the qualifying exam and are formally advanced to candidacy for the Ph.D. degree, students must be in residence at UCSC and are expected to complete two courses each quarter to maintain normal academic progress. Completion of a minimum of 12 courses (in addition to 290A, 290B, and 290C) is required for advancement to candidacy. Courses taken are graduate seminars, independent study courses, and most upper-division undergraduate courses.

During the first year, students take course 201, Methods and Theories of History, and one or two quarters of the historiography seminar in the appropriate field. The remaining quarter(s) will be taken during the second year. Other required reading courses include two courses in either American, European, East Asian, or world history to satisfy the second teaching field requirement and two quarters of graduate course work outside the History Department.

In addition, students take at least one research seminar during their first four quarters and the supervised research seminar in their second year. During this two-year period, students are expected to complete one substantial (25-30 page) research paper.

Students are also required to take courses 290A, 290B, and 290C, History Graduate Proseminar series, during their first and second years.

Foreign Language Requirement
No prior foreign language preparation is required for admission with a primary teaching field in U.S. history. Two to three years of college work, or its equivalent, in at least one foreign language is required for admission to the European program. Students who choose East Asian history as their primary teaching field will be required to have completed at least three years of college-level Chinese or Japanese prior to admission; more years are recommended. Depending upon the student's intended field of research, Japanese language study may also be required of China specialists as part of the graduate program of study.

Students with a primary teaching field in U.S. history are expected to demonstrate a reading competency in at least one foreign language prior to taking the Ph.D. qualifying exam. Students in all other teaching fields must demonstrate a reading competency in at least two foreign languages prior to taking the Ph.D. qualifying exam; competency in one of the languages must be demonstrated by the end of the sixth quarter of enrollment. Usually, competency will be demonstrated by passing a reading exam administered by a member of the history faculty.

M.A. Degree
The M.A. degree is awarded to all students after two years in residence, successful completion of 12 courses and a substantial essay (25-30 pages), and, for those in primary teaching fields other than U.S. history, demonstrated competency in one foreign language.

The program brochure, admission requirements, and further details are available from the Department of History web site: http://humanities.ucsc.edu/ or by phoning (831) 459-4192.

M.A. in History (Terminal)
The Department of History offers and M.A. degree in history for those individuals who are interested in postgraduate work, but who are not planning to complete a Ph.D. It is a degree program that can fulfill in-service education requirements for current teachers as well as for future teachers earning a single subject credential in social studies. Part-time enrollment is allowed.

Each student will be required to choose one of four areas of specialization (U.S., Europe, East Asia, world); select one of two topical research areas-colonialism, nationalism, and transnational migration or history of gender; and pass two graduate courses outside the History Department. To complete the degree, each student must pass a total of 12 courses of 5 credits each and six courses of 2 credits each including courses 290A, 290B, and 290C. Students must also write an M.A. paper. For M.A. students specializing in Europe, U.S., and East Asia, the curriculum will be nearly identical to that taken by Ph.D. students in their first two years, except that there will be no language requirement. Those specializing in world history will take courses 221A and 221B instead of the corresponding courses for the other fields (courses 205A, 205B, and so on), but otherwise their curriculum will be the same as that of a typical incoming Ph.D. student.